Copenhagen

Copenhagen Accord


The Copenhagen Accord is the document that delegates at the United Nations Climate Change Conference agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary session of the Conference on 18 December 2009.

The Accord is not legally binding, and does not commit countries ever to agree a binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, whose present round ends in 2012.[1] The BBC immediately reported that the status and legal implications of the Copenhagen Accord were unclear.[2]

Summary of the Accord

The Accord :

* Endorses the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol
* Emphasises a "strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities"
* Recognises "the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees Celsius"
* Recognises "the critical impacts of climate change and the potential impacts of response measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects"
* Stresses "the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including international support"
* Recognises that "deep cuts in global emissions are required according to science"
* Agrees cooperation in stopping global and national greenhouse gas emissions from rising "as soon as possible"
* States that "Enhanced action and international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to... reduc[e] vulnerability and build.. resilience in developing countries, especially in those that are particularly vulnerable, especially least developed countries, small island developing States and Africa"
* Agrees that "developed countries shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources, technology and capacity-building to support the implementation of adaptation action in developing countries"
* Agrees that developed countries would "commit to economy-wide emissions targets for 2020" to be submitted by 31 January 2010
* Agrees that parties to the Kyoto Protocol would strengthen their existing targets
* Agrees that developing nations would "implement mitigation actions" to slow growth in their carbon emissions, submitting these by 31 January 2010
* Agrees that developing countries would report those actions once every two years via the U.N. climate change secretariat, and that "delivery of reductions and financing by developed countries will be measured, reported and verified... and will ensure that accounting of such targets and finance is rigorous, robust and transparent"
* Recognises "the crucial role of reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests", and the need to establish a mechanism to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries to help achieve this
* States that "scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as improved access shall be provided to developing countries... to enable and support enhanced action on mitigation"
* Agrees a "goal" for the world to raise $100 billion per year by 2020, from "a wide variety of sources", to help developing countries cut carbon emissions and adapt to climate change
* Agrees that developed countries would raise funds of $30 billion from 2010-2012 to help developing nations fight climate change
* Establishes a Copenhagen Green Climate Fund "to support projects, programme, policies and other activities in developing countries related to mitigation"
* Establishes a Technology Mechanism "to accelerate technology development and transfer"
* Calls for "an assessment of the implementation of this Accord to be completed by 2015... This would include consideration of strengthening the long-term goal", for example to limit temperature rises to 1.5 degrees


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